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The Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) Concerning the Conservation of the Manatee and Small Cetaceans of Western Africa and Macaronesia is a Multilateral Environmental Memorandum of Understanding and entered into effect on 3 October 2008 under the auspices of the Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), also known as the Bonn Convention. The MoU covers 29 range States (Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal (Madeira and Azores), São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Spain (Canary Islands) and Togo).〔HOYT. E (2005). (''Marine Protected Areas for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises.'' ), Earthscan pp. 234-260. ISBN 1-84407-063-8〕 As of August 2012, 17 range States have signed the MoU, as well as a number of cooperating organizations. == Development of MoU == In May 2000 a workshop on “Conservation and Management of small cetaceans of the coast of Africa” was held in Conakry, Guinea. It was during this workshop that the idea of developing an action plan for the conservation of West African small cetaceans and manatees was launched. The meeting was attended by representatives of seven range States (Benin, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Gambia and Togo) alongside international experts. The Conference of the Parties to the CMS Convention adopted two resolutions (Resolution 7.7〔Resolution 7.7: http://www.cms.int/bodies/COP/cop7/proceedings/pdf/en/part_I/Res_Rec/RES_7_07_Agreements.pdf〕 and 8.5〔Resolution 8.5: http://www.cms.int/bodies/COP/cop8/documents/proceedings/pdf/eng/CP8Res_8_05_Review_ArticleIV_Agreements_E.pdf〕) and one recommendation (Recommendation 7.3〔Recommendation 7.3: http://www.cms.int/bodies/COP/cop7/proceedings/pdf/en/part_I/Res_Rec/REC_7_03_Cetaceans_Sirenians.pdf〕) at its Seventh and Eight meeting in respectively 2002 and 2005, to support the development of a CMS instrument on these species as well as Action Plans. A first negotiation meeting, called WATCH I (Western African Talks on Cetaceans and their Habitats), held in Adeje, Tenerife, Spain in October 2007 further elaborated on a MoU.〔Report WATCH I: http://www.cms.int/species/waam/watch1_docs/WATCH_I_Report_E_withAnnexes.pdf〕 One year later, 2–3 October 2008, WATCH II meeting was held in Lomé, Togo.〔Report WATCH II: http://www.cms.int/species/waam/watch2_docs/report_incl_annexes_E.pdf〕 Here, the final negotiation and signing of the MoU took place, including the adoption of two Action Plans, which are annexes to the MoU. The MoU was signed by 15 range States and four organizations and came into effect immediately. Later on, two other range States as well as two organizations also signed the MoU, bringing the total to 23. Signatories to the West African Aquatic Mammals MoU: * Angola (3 October 2008) * Benin (3 October 2008) * Cape Verde (3 October 2008) * Chad (3 October 2008) * Congo (3 October 2008) * Côte d'Ivoire (3 October 2008) * Equatorial Guinea (3 October 2008) * Gabon (3 October 2008) * Ghana (3 October 2008) * Guinea-Bissau (3 October 2008) * Liberia (3 October 2008) * Mali (3 October 2008) * Mauritania (3 October 2008) * Niger (3 October 2008) * Togo (3 October 2008) * Portugal (5 December 2008) * Guinea (8 December 2008) In addition, the following organizations have signed the MoU: * Wetlands International Africa (3 October 2008) * Wildlife Trust (3 October 2008) * GSM (Society for the Conservation of Marine Mammals) (3 October 2008) * CMS Secretariat (3 October 2008) * WDCS (5 December 2008) * World Wide Fund for Nature (5 December 2008) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「West African Aquatic Mammals Memorandum of Understanding」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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